Syllabus
Study Guide 1
Practice Quizzes
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Spielvogel
Companion Site
6th ed Site
7th ed Site
Practice Questions
Glossary Chapter 1 - 2
A, B, C, D
Akhenaten (alternatively Akhnaten, Akhenaton, Akhnaton,
Ikhnaton, and so on), also known as Amenhotep IV at the start
of his reign. Amenhotep IV started his famous worship of Aten.
Amenhotep IV officially changed his name to Akhenaten as evidence of
his new worship.
Amarna . . The name given to the historical time period under
the rule of Amenhotep IV /Akhenaten. During this time period there were
unprecedented changes in the government, art and religion.
Aten / Aton . The god that
gained its prominence during the reign of
Akhenaten, who abolished the traditional cults of Egypt and replaced
them with the Aten. This created the first monotheistic cult in the
world.
Babylonian Captivity a period of time in 587 B.C. when the
survivors of a Babylonian attack on the southern kingdom of Judah were
sent into exile in Babylonia.
Book of the Dead an Egyptian book that preserved their ideas
about death and the afterlife - it explains that after death the soul
left the body to become part of the divine.
Bronze Age the period in which the production and use of bronze
implements became basic to society; bronze made farming more efficient
and revolutionized warfare.
Covenant a formal agreement between Yahweh and the Hebrew
people - if the Hebrews worshiped Yahweh as their only god, he would
consider them his chosen people and protect them from their enemies.
cuneiform Sumerian form of writing, used to describe the strokes
of the stylus. The earliest known form of writing, invented by the
Sumerians around 3000 B.C., from two Latin words, cuneus ("wedge") and
forma ("shape"). The wedge-shaped symbols were drawn or impressed on
soft clay tablets.
King David (c.1004-965 BC) - established Israel as
a major power in the region, united twelve Israeli tribes in one
kingdom
and founded his capital in Jerusalem.
Djoser (Zoser) is usually considered the
first pharaoh of the Third Dynasty / Commissioned the Step Pyramid
designed
by Imhotep.
H
Hatshepsut (c. 1504 BC-1458 BC; sometimes spelled Hapshepsut,
Hatchepsut or Hat-shep-set) was the fifth Pharaoh of the Eighteenth
dynasty of Egypt. She ruled from 1473 BC to 1458 BC and is regarded
as the first female monarch in recorded history. She was the daughter
of Thutmose I and Queen Ahmose.
Hieratic A cursive form of ancient Egyptian writing which
lost the pictorial aspect of hieroglyphs.
hieroglyphics From the Greek word meaning "sacred
carving". a highly pictorial system of writing used in ancient
Egypt.
Homo erectus Hominid species that appeared around a
million years ago and is far closer to our own species.
Homo neanderthalis Another variant of Homo sapiens,the
earliest found in Europe in the Neander Valley of the river Rhine.
Neanderthal people flourished from about 40,000 to 80,000 years
ago,were muscular and heavy, and had a thick skull and low
forehead.
Homo sapiens Hominid species from which our own
subspecies, Homo sapiens sapiens, developed.
Homo sapiens sapiens Modern humans; sometimes called
Cro-Magnon.
Hyksos called "Rulers of the Uplands" by the Egyptians, these
people began to settle in the Nile Delta shortly after 1800 B.C. /
a Semitic people, who invaded Egypt using bronze weapons, the chariot,
and composite bow
I, J, K, L
Indo-European refers to a large family of languages that
includes English, most of the languages of modern Europe, Greek, Latin,
Persian, and Sanskrit, the sacred tongue of ancient India.
irrigation the solution to the problem of arid climates and
scant water supplies, a system of watering land and draining to prevent
build up of salt in the soil.
law code a proclamation issued by the Babylonian king Hammurabi "to
establish law and justice in the language of the land, thereby
prompting the welfare of the people." It inflicted harsh punishments,
but despite its severity, pervade with a spirit of justice and sense of
responsibility.
M, N, O
Mesopotamia The land between the rivers Tigris and
Euphrates, where urban life first developed; a flat region of the
Middle East stretching from eastern Asia Minor to the Persian
Gulf.
monotheistic/monotheism the belief in one god; the doctrine
or belief that there is only one god; when applied to Egypt it means
that only Aton among the traditional Egyptian deities was god.
Narmer was an Egyptian pharoah who ruled in the 32nd century BC.
Some Egyptologists hold that Menes and Narmer are in fact the
same person; some hold that Menes inherited an already-unified Egypt
from Narmer; others hold that Narmer began the process of unification
but
either did not succeed or succeeded only partially, leaving it to Menes
to complete.
Neolithic (New Stone) period the period between 7000
and 4000 - 3000 B.C. that serves as the dividing line between
anthropology and history. The term itself refers to the new stone tools
that came into
use at this time. Settled and stable human communities were cultivating
crops and domesticating animals, but had not discovered metals and
still
used stone tools and weapons.
nobles the top level of Sumerian society that consisted
of the king and his family, the chief priests, and a high palace
officials.
Nomarch. . The chief official of a nome. In the late Old
Kingdom, and early Middle Kingdom nomarchs gained their office as
hereditary rulers. They governed their nomes more or less independently
of any central authority. During periods of highly centralized
government, nomes ceased to have much political importance.
Osiris. . Supreme god and judge of the dead. The symbol of
resurrection and eternal life. Provider of fertility and prosperity to
the living.
P
Paleolithic (Old Stone) Age Period some 10 thousand
years ago, from the first use of stone implements around 2.5 million
years ago to the introduction of farming around 8000 B.C. The latter
stages are sometimes called the Mesolithic, or Middle, Stone Age.
Pharaoh the leader of religious and political life in the
Old Kingdom, he commanded the wealth, resources and people of Egypt.
polytheism the worship of several gods; this was the tradition
of Egyptian religion.
pyramid the burial place of pharaohs, it was a massive tomb that
contained all things needed for the afterlife. It also symbolized the
king’s power and his connection with the sun-god.
Ramses II (also known as Ramses the Great and Ramesses II) was
an Egyptian pharaoh (lived c. 1314 BC to 1224 BC), reigned 1290 BC -
1224 BC(66 years). He was identified with the Pharaoh of whom the
biblical figure Moses is popularly believed to have demanded that his
people be released from slavery.
S - T
satrap a governor who was directly responsible to the king and
was usually taken from the Median and Persian nobility to govern the
satrapy. satrapy - province administered by a
satrap.
Sea Peoples invaders who destroyed the Egyptian empires in the
late 13th century; they are otherwise unidentifiable because they went
their own ways after their attacks on Egypt.
King Solomon (c.965-930 BC) son of King David; further
strengthened the kingdom; built namy new towns; and erected the Temple
of Jerusalem.
theocracy - government ruled by a priestly order.
Thutmose III (also written as Tuthmosis III) was a Pharaoh of
Egypt in the Eighteenth Dynasty. he shared the beginning of his
reign with Hatshepsut / At some point, Hatshepsut disappears from the
historical record and Thutmose III ruled by himself
He was an active expansionist ruler, sometimes referred to as the
"Napoleon of Egypt", because he was recorded to have captured 350
cities during his rule, conquering much of the Near East.
Tutankhamon or Tutankhaten was Pharaoh of the Eighteenth
dynasty of Egypt (1334 BC/1333 BC - 1323 BC), during the period known
as the New Kingdom. His original name Tutankhaten means "Living Image
of Aten" while Tutankhamon means "Living Image of Amon. / best known to
as the only pharaoh to have his nearly intact tomb
U, V, W, X, Y, Z
Yahweh a god, who in Medieval Latin became "Jehovah", that
appeared to Moses on Mount Sinai and made a covenant with the Hebrews.
ziggurat a massive stepped tower upon which a temple
dedicated to the chief god or goddess of a Sumerian city was
built.
Pharaohs Ancient Egypt
Western Civilization 121 Practice Exam I at Discovery.com
Ch. 1 & 2 Prehistory, Mesopotamia, & Egypt (dead
link)
Practice Tests
Civilization in the West Online
A History of Western Society
Western Civilization : Ideas, Politics, and Society
Western Civilization : The Continuing Experiment
The Western Heritage Vol. 1
Sample Questions Ch. 1 - 2
HyperHistory Online people, events, maps
History For Kids
History