Practice Quizzes    
http://www.historyteacher.net/EuroCiv/ReviewQuizzes/Early AegeanCultures .htm   
http://college.hmco.com/history/west/perry/western_civilization/7e/students/ matching /ch03_a.html

http://college.hmco.com/history/west/perry/western_civilization/7e/students/ matching /ch03_d.html
http://www.historyteacher.net/EuroCiv/ReviewQuizzes/ GoldenAgeOfAthens .htm      
http://www.historyteacher.net/EuroCiv/ReviewQuizzes/ AlexanderTheGreat .htm          

                                                  Practice Questions

Achaeans (Achaians)  - the inhabitants of the Peloponnese who were conquered by the Dorians.

Acropolis An elevated point within a city on which stood temples, altars, public monuments and various dedications to the gods of the polis.

Agamemnon - leader of Greek (Achaean) expedition against Troy;

aristocracy a type of Greek government in which only the top members of society exercise authority. The word translates "power in the hands of the best."

Aristotle - Athenian philosopher and a student of Plato who was concerned with natural phenomena; tutor of Alexander the Great; Aristotle began teaching in Athens in 335 BC; during that same year he founded the Lyceum

boule Part of a larger legislative body (with the ecclesia), it is a council composed of five hundred members.

Cleisthenes  - (Kleisthenes )  a Greek Statesman who lived from ca. 572 - ca. 485 BC; regarded as the founder of Athenian democracy; served as chief archon in Athens in 525 BC; developed the law of ostracism in 510 BC; after the fall of the tyrant Hippias, Kleisthenes established a democratic institution based on individual political responsibility on citizenship of a city rather than on membership of a clan.

Dark Age - a period of ancient Greek history from approximately 1200 to 850 BC

Delian League a grand naval alliance aimed at liberating Ionia from Persian rule created by the Athenians and led by Aristides.

deme a local unit that served as the basic of Cleisthenes’ political system.

democracy a type of Greek government in which all citizens, without regard to birth or wealth, administered the workings of government. It translates "the power of the people."

ecclesia an assembly of all citizens that serves as the other legislative body with the boule.

Epicureanism   Greek philosophy, popular in Roman times, based on the teachings and writings of Epicurus (341P271 B.C.), whose aim was to free humans from the threat of divine retribution or the fear of the unknown. It held that we are free to live our lives according to principles of moderation and prudence in the pursuit of pleasure. 

federalism one of two political concepts created by Greeks in the 4th century in an attempt to prevent war. It uses the idea that security can be gained through numbers. Greek leagues would band together and marshal their resources to defend themselves from outside interference.

hegemony a political ascendancy over other states.

heliocentric theory theory of Aristarchus that the earth and planets revolve around the sun.

Hellenistic - Term used to refer to the history and culture of the peoples "Hellenized" - that is, brought under Greek influence /  the new culture that arose when Alexander overthrew the Persian Empire and began spreading Hellenism - Greek culture, language, thought and way of life - as far as India. It is called Hellenistic to distinguish it from the Hellenic period.

helots  slaves acquired from Spartan conquests, not bought and sold as slaves of individual Spartiates, but belonging to the state, who mostly worked the land. 

Homer - epic poet,  author of the Iliad and Odyssey.

hoplites the heavily armed infantry which were the backbone of the Greek army.

Leonidas - Spartan king who led the defense at Thermopylae

Linear B the script of Mycenaean Greeks derived from Linear A. It was used to keep records of the king’s possessions and account taxes. 

Lycurgus - legendary Spartan leader who developed the Spartan social system -- Lycurgus

Macedonians  - Greek people who inhabited the northernmost part of the Greek mainland and whose blood lines had been mixed with non-Greek peoples

Marathon - plain in Attica where the Athenians defeated the Persians in 490 BC

metics  resident foreigners in ancient Athens; not permitted full rights of citizenship but did receive the protection of the laws. 

Minoan - a flourishing and vibrant culture on Crete around 1650 B.C., named after King Minos. The symbol of their culture was the palace and its surrounding buildings, the most important one being Cnossus.

monarchy derived from the Greek for "the rule of one man," it was a type of Greek government in which a king represented the community.

Mycenaean - a society created from a union between native inhabitants and the powerful group centered at Mycenae; it was named after the most famous site of this new culture.

oligarchy - "the rule of a few," a type of Greek government in which a small group of wealthy citizens, not necessarily of aristocratic birth, ruled.

Penelope - faithful wife of Odysseus, mother of Telemachus; held suitors at bay for 20 years by weaving by day and unraveling it by night

perioikoi  Spartan "dwellers around," consisting of conquered neighboring peoples who vastly outnumbered the Spartiates and had no political rights. 

Persians  - the largest, wealthiest, and most powerful military state in the ancient Mediterranean and Near Eastern world ca. 500 BC; a diplomatic misunderstanding caused the king of Persia, Darius I, to send a great army and navy again the Greeks whom he thought were being disloyal subjects; the Persians began their first expedition against the Greeks in 490 BC

Peisistratus, Pisistratos) reigned as the tyrant of Athens

phalanx  infantry formation of the Greek Archaic era, consisting of rows men, each heavily armed. 

Plato  - Athenian philosopher and author of the Apology and the Republic.

polis generally translated as "city-state," it is the basic political and institutional unit of Greece. /  the chief form of social and political organization from the beginnings of Greek culture. / an ancient Greek city-state encompassing both an urban area and its surrounding countryside; a small but autonomous political unit where all major political and social activities were carried out in a central location.

satrap a governor who was directly responsible to the king and was usually taken from the Median and Persian nobility to govern the satrapy.     satrapy - province administered by a satrap.

Sophists  teachers in ancient Greece, who debated the skills of rhetoric and the qualities needed for success in political life. 

Stoicism -   Philosophy founded by Zeno (335-263 B.C.), who taught that the force governing the world was Reason. Through the power of Reason it was possible to learn virtue, which was the supreme good. Those who lived virtuously were under the protection of Divine Providence, which would never allow them to suffer evil.   /  it considers nature an expression of divine will, people could be happy only when living in accordance with nature.

Thermopylae - a mountain pass in northern Greece where, in 480 BC, 300 Spartans were killed by the Persians defending the pass.

Thucydides  - ancient Greek historian of the Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta; Thucydides began writing his History of the Peloponnesian War in 431 BC

tyranny - rule by a tyrant, a man who used his wealth to gain a political following that could take over the existing government.

tyrant  The popular leaders of ancient Greece who rode to power on the wave of revolt, rather than rising to power in a constitutional way.  / a ruler who came to power in an unconstitutional way and ruled without being subject to the law.

            Western Civilization 121 Practice Exam II   at Discovery.com
                           Ch. 3 & 4Greece     (dead link)

          A History of Western Society

          Western Civilization : Ideas, Politics, and Society

    http://www.wadsworth.com/history_d/templates/student_resources/0534578705_hausemaltby/quizzes/ch02/quiz.html     

          Western Civilization : The Continuing Experiment

          The Western Heritage     Vol. 1

          HyperHistory Online   people, events, maps

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