Syllabus

                 Study Guide: Ch 11 - 12

History Page                       

       Practice Quizzes :   Hundred Years War --  Black Death  -- 

           Click : Late Middle Ages --  Spielvogel  5th ed. --  6th ed.   --  7th ed.  

                                                        A History of Western Society  --  Ch 12
Glossary Ch 11 - 12  

Agincourt English victory near Arras in Flanders (1415) that led to English reconquest of Normandy.

Black Death bubonic plague that first struck Europe in 1347. It spread in either the bubonic form by flea bites or in the pneumonic form directly from the breath of one person to another. In less virulent forms, the disease re-appeared many times until 1701.

The University of Bologna, founded in 1088, is regarded as the oldest existing university, and was an important center of European intellectual life during the Middle Ages. Bologna specialized in legal study during the 12th century.

Clermont the place from which Pope Urban II in 1095 called for a great Christian holy war against infidels.

Crécy the 1346 battle in northern France where English long-bowmen won decisive victory over the French. Crécy demonstrated the superiority of the English longbow over the crossbow. English losses were negligible while the French lost more than 1500 knights. 

Crusades holy wars sponsored by the papacy for the recovery of the Holy Land from the Moslems in the late 11th and early 12th centuries.

English Peasants' Revolt   ( Wat Tyler's Rebellion) (1381) The government's ineffectiveness in curbing the more extreme excesses of the merchants and nobles against the peasants during the Black Death contributed to the revolt. The rebels called on the young king, Richard II, to take control of the government and protect the lower classes from the nobility and from the selfish rule of the regency. Some aristocrats were murdered and there was widespread destruction of property, particularly that belonging to the nobility.

flagellants people who sough to do penance - believed that the plague was God’s punishment for sin - by flagellating (whipping) one another.

Godfrey of Bouillon - Crusading leader in First Crusade, became king of Jerusalem for one year in 1099.

The Hundred Years' War, a conflict between England and France, is generally considered to have lasted 116 years, beginning in 1337 and ending in 1453.

Joan of Arc French peasant girl who raised the (English) siege of Orleans (1429).

John (1167-1216) was king of England from 1199, the younger son of Henry II and successor to his brother Richard I. In 1207 Pope Innocent III appointed Stephen Langton archbishop of Canterbury but John did not allow him to take office. In 1213 the pope declared John deposed, and John hurriedly made peace with him. He surrendered the kingdom to the pope and became his vassal.  In England, he taxed the barons heavily and ignored their rights until they rebelled. The barons demanded that John should confirm their ancient rights. They met him in a meadow called Runnymede, beside the River Thames. There they forced the king to put his seal to the Magna Carta. The Magna Carta was a list of rights and privileges, also known as the Great Charter of Liberties.

Magna Carta a treaty that was intended to address the grievances that the nobles, the clergy, the merchants of London had against King John. 

Manzikert - Battle in 1071 where Romanus Diogenes and Byzantine forces were defeated by Seljuk Turks.

Parliament - English legislative and judicial body which evolved from the King's Great Council. The crucial period for the expansion of this body to include both common people and nobles was from the late-thirteenth to the late fourteenth century. The English kings needed monies to prosecute its wars and summoned larger and larger numbers to council. These members made grants to the crown contingent upon having their complaints heard and generally being paid attention to.

Third Crusade - Launched in 1189-90 in response to Christian defeat. Barbarossa participated and died. Richard Lionheart also participated, as did Philip Augustus. Accopmlished little, but Richard did capture Acre and received limited access to Jerusalem for pilgrims.

The Seven Liberal Arts included three disciplines at the primary level (the Trivium): Grammar, Rhetoric and Dialectic, and four disciplines at the secondary level (the Quadrivium): arithmetic, geometry, music and astronomy

Practice Tests
          Civilization in the West Online    

          A History of Western Society  --  Ch 12 

          Western Civilization : Ideas, Politics, and Society  -- Ch 12

          Western Civilization : The Continuing Experiment  --  Ch 11

          The Western Heritage     Vol. 1  --  Ch 9

          The Western Heritage     Vol. 2 

           Sample Questions Ch. 7 - 8

            Practice Questions Ch 7-8

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