I. Causes of Imperial Expansion
A. interest in ports and military posts in
Africa and Asia
B. Europeans saw colonies necessary part
of political
achievement - nationalism
C. Social Darwinism - Europeans regarded
less developed
cultures as inferior and in
need of civilized
guidance
Social
Darwinism and Elitism
Herbert
Spencer
provided
justification to colonize
II. The Scramble for Africa
A. early colonization
1. Dutch colonized
a supply post at the
Cape of Good Hope
and called it Cape Colony. They later
lost it to Britain in the Napoleonic Wars.
Britain outlaws further expansion into
Africa and, in 1833, ends slavery
2. the Great Trek - between 1835 and
1845, Dutch farmers migrated Northeast
B. The Foreign Presence in Africa
1. Liberia - Africa's first republic (1847)
founded by former American slaves
government modeled after the US
government
2. missionaries went to provide education,
medical treatment and christianity
3. explorers sought adventure and new
goods
Explorers
of Africa
C. Western Africa
1. France took over land between
Senegal and Algeria
West Africa, Equatorial Africa, Tunis
2. Britain defeated the Ashanti -
captured Nigeria
D. Northeastern Africa
1. Britain took control of Egypt and
Suez Canal due to financial debts (1882)
Uganda, Kenya, and Sudan
Sudan
Wars Mahdi
and Sudan
Mahdi's
Influence on Sudan 1881-1885
E. Southern Africa
1. Britain annexed
parts of Africa that
were rich in goods South Africa,
Rhodesia
2. The Afrikaner
republics broke away
from British influence
The
Boers
The
Boer War
The Boer War
Short History of
the War
-- South
African War Virtual Library
They lost the war and surrendered in 1902
3. Britain, in 1910,
combined British and
Afrikaner colonies into the
Dominion called the Union of South Africa
The Humiliation and redemption of Britain
The
Fashoda Incident
Modern
Warfare and Imperialism
Brazza
Joseph
Chamberlain
Delcasse
Benjamin
Disraeli
Leopold
II
Livingstone
Imperialism in Africa essays
Germany
Southwest
Africa
the
Cameroons
Togoland
East
Africa
Somaliland
Belgium
the
Congo
Portugal
Angola
Mozambique
Under Development
I. Africa before Parition
A. New States and Stronger Empire
1. Muslim leaders
started new states in west Africa that depended on the
heavy trade of the Sahara
2. The Sokoto
empire, in 1804, took over many small kingdoms in West
Africa
3. In 1819, Shaka
and the Zulu Empire took over most of the southeastern
Africa by using new kinds of spears
4. Egypt gains
land and prospers through the rule of Mohammed Ali and
his grandson, Ismail
B. New Trading Patterns
1. Due to loss of slave trade, Africa offered major exports of Ivory and
Palm Oil to industrial Europe
2. In 1830 through 1848, france takes over Algeria and guides Tunisia
and Morocco, gaining almost total control of the Barbary Coast
II. The Conquest of Africa
A. The
Berlin Conference
1. The Berlin Conference, which included 12 European nations, the
Ottoman Empire, and the US, decided that free trade and travel could
occur on the Niger and Congo Rivers, and made it easier for European
powers to take over parts of Africa
2. No representative of Africa was present at the Berlin Conference
E. Ethiopian
Independence
1. Ethiopia gained independence from Italy in 1896 in a battle in which
Ethiopia defeated Italy
III. European Rule of
Africa
A. Colonial
Policies
1. Most common type of rule was direct rule, where ruling country
would replace African officials with their own
2. The British used indirect rule, where native officials would handle
day
to day tasks
B. Economic
Domination
1. Export of raw materials made up most of Africa's wealth
2. The African people were taxed, and their workers were heavily
mistreated
C. The
Impact on African Life
1. The Europeans practiced Paternalism on what they considered to be
the "childlike" African poeple
2. racial discrimination was rampant
3. Europeans gave some Africans they opportunity to gain access to
higher education - they used this as a tool to regain their independence
South African War Virtual Library
The British Empire - 19th Century
The
Boer War Remembered Article
