I. Causes of Imperial Expansion
A. interest in ports and military posts in Africa and Asia
B. Europeans saw colonies necessary part of political achievement
-
nationalism
C. Social Darwinism - Europeans regarded less developed cultures
as inferior and in need of
civilized guidance
Social
Darwinism and Elitism
Herbert
Spencer
provided justification
to colonize
II. The Scramble for Africa
A. early colonization
1. Dutch
colonized a supply post at the Cape of Good Hope
and called it Cape Colony. They later lost it to Britain in the
Napoleonic Wars.
Britain outlaws further expansion into Africa and,
in 1833, ends slavery
2. the Great
Trek - between 1835 and 1845,
Dutch farmers migrated Northeast
B. The Foreign Presence in Africa
1. Liberia
- Africa's first republic (1847)
founded by former American slaves
government modeled after the US government
2. missionaries
went to provide education, medical treatment
and christianity
3. explorers
sought adventure and new goods
Explorers
of Africa
C. Western Africa
1. France
took over land between Senegal and Algeria
West Africa, Equatorial Africa, Tunis
2. Britain
defeated the Ashanti - captured Nigeria
D. Northeastern Africa
1. Britain
took control of Egypt and Suez Canal due to
financial debts (1882)
Uganda, Kenya, and Sudan
Sudan
Wars Mahdi
and Sudan
Mahdi's
Influence on Sudan 1881-1885
E. Southern Africa
1. Britain annexed parts of
Africa that were rich in goods
South
Africa, Rhodesia
2. The Afrikaner republics
broke away from British influence
The
Boers
The
Boer War
The
Boer War
Short History of
the War -- South
African War Virtual Library
They
lost the war and surrendered in 1902
3. Britain, in 1910, combined British
and Afrikaner colonies into the
Dominion
called the Union of South Africa
The Humiliation and redemption of Britain
The
Fashoda Incident
Modern
Warfare and Imperialism
Brazza
Joseph
Chamberlain
Delcasse
Benjamin
Disraeli
Leopold
II
Livingstone
Imperialism in Africa essays
Germany
Southwest Africa
the Cameroons
Togoland
East Africa
Somaliland
Belgium
the Congo
Portugal
Angola
Mozambique
Under Development
I. Africa before Parition
A. New States and Stronger Empire
1. Muslim leaders started new
states in west Africa that depended on the
heavy trade of the Sahara
2. The Sokoto empire, in 1804,
took over many small kingdoms in West
Africa
3. In 1819, Shaka and the Zulu
Empire took over most of the southeastern
Africa by using new kinds of spears
4. Egypt gains land and prospers
through the rule of Mohammed Ali and
his grandson, Ismail
B. New Trading Patterns
1. Due to
loss of slave trade, Africa offered major exports of Ivory and
Palm Oil to industrial Europe
2. In 1830
through 1848, france takes over Algeria and guides Tunisia
and Morocco, gaining almost total control of the Barbary Coast
II. The Conquest of Africa
A. The Berlin Conference
1. The Berlin
Conference, which included 12 European nations, the
Ottoman Empire, and the US, decided that free trade and travel could
occur on the Niger and Congo Rivers, and made it easier for European
powers to take over parts of Africa
2. No representative
of Africa was present at the Berlin Conference
E. Ethiopian Independence
1. Ethiopia
gained independence from Italy in 1896 in a battle in which
Ethiopia defeated Italy
III. European Rule of Africa
A. Colonial Policies
1. Most common
type of rule was direct rule, where ruling country
would replace African officials with their own
2. The British
used indirect rule, where native officials would handle day
to day tasks
B. Economic Domination
1. Export
of raw materials made up most of Africa's wealth
2. The African
people were taxed, and their workers were heavily
mistreated
C. The Impact on African
Life
1. The Europeans
practiced Paternalism on what they considered to be
the "childlike" African poeple
2. racial
discrimination was rampant
3. Europeans
gave some Africans they opportunity to gain access to
higher education - they used this as a tool to regain their independence
South African War Virtual Library
The British Empire - 19th Century
The Boer War Remembered Article
Historic
Times Quizzes Sample
Test Questions from Civilization in the West
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