I. Minoan and Mycenaean Periods
  A. Greek civilization preceeded by
       advanced civilizations
  B. Minoans : Culture developed on Crete
       - lasted till ca. 1450 B.C.
      The Minoans module
    i. Named after legendary King Minos  
    ii. Developed wealthy trading empire
    iii. Wealth and isolation provided security
        and comfortable life
    iv. The Palace at Knossos  provides
        archaeological record
       Sir Arthur Evans  /   Arthur Evans
      Minos and Agamemnon
      Frescoes and Artwork
  C. Mycenaean civilization lasted till
       ca. 1200 B.C.
      The Myceneans   module      
     i. Civilization based on mainland
     ii. Mycenaeans -- Achaeans -- warlike --
     The Trojan War   ( Homer )
     iii. Captured Knossos -- helped spread
          Minoan culture to mainland
     The Mycenaean Bronze Age
 D. Trojan War -- retold by Homer --
    Homer and the Troy Cycle
    The Mythological Background of Homer's Iliad
    Homeric Society
    Heinrich Schliemann: Heros & Mythos
     i. Site found by Schliemann --
        some support of Iliad  ( alternate site)
    Agamemnon's Citadel at Mycenae
     ii. City controlled trade
      The Trojan War      
 E. Dorians -- The Archaic Period
     i. Invaded Greece -- destroyed major
        cities
     ii. Mixed with local population
     iii. Some Greeks fled to colonies in
         Asia Minor
     Map of Greece and Crete
      Map of Major Cities
 II. The Great City States of
     Classical Greece:
    Sparta
  A. Spartan Society:
     i. conquered neighbors,
        made them slaves - helots
     ii. Lycurgus established Spartan
         principles
     iii. military society:
         early form of totalitarianism?
       a. every Spartan a professional soldier
       b. women raised to be mothers of
           soldiers
       c. helots
       d. peroicoi
       e. hoplites
    iv.  Spartan education
 B. Spartan politics: little interest in
      colonization, trade
    i. Plutarch's Life of Lycurgus
    ii. two kings, their powers and election
    iii. the ephors, their powers and election
    iv. the exchange of oaths
    v. the Council of 30
     Materials for the Study of Sparta
III. The Great City States of Greece
 A. Influence of geography
    i. mountains separated Greek cities --
       led to independent city-states
    ii. shortage of good land and proximity of
        the sea encouraged trade and
        colonization
 B. Athens  
     The significance of Athens in history
 C. Early Athenian government: polis
    i.  the king and archons - nobles
    ii. their class and their election
    iii. the Areopagus (Council)
     iv. the Assembly
     v. widespread participation
     vi. sophisticated concept of justice
     vii. Draco
   D. The Classical Age --
    Reforms in Athens
     i. financial crisis of the 6th century B. C.:
        nobles prospered, small farmers
        suffered
     ii. Solon -- 594 B. C.
       a. established moderate reforms:
           no exports of wheat
           export olive oil
           citizenship to foreign artisans
           abolished debts
           land could not be used for collateral
           freed those sold into slavery for
           debts
           definition of citizenship
       b. Solon's restructuring of the
           government:
           the Council of 400
           the Assembly
        iii. Pisistratus gained power in
             560 B.C.
        iv. Cleisthenes 510 B. C.
            a. Council of 500
            b. the Assembly
            c. ostracism to expell dangerous
                citizens
            d. the popular courts
Athens and the Athenian Democracy :
From Solon to Cleisthenes
   E. Athenian  democracy
        i. definition of democracy
        ii. women in Athens
        iii. slaves in Athens
     Ancient Greek World    

IV.  Athens, Sparta and the Persians
    A. Greek independence
    B. The Persian Wars
        i. Cyrus, Darius
        ii. Ionian cities sought self rule --
            revolted against Persia
        iii. Spartan &  Athens
           a. Herodotus: the Father of History
               and The Histories
        iv. The Battle of Marathon -- 490 B. C.
           a. the Immortals
        v.  Xerxes wanted revenge
        vi. Thermopylae : Leonidas & the
            300 Spartans
        vii. Salamis and Plataea
      The Persian Wars  by Dr. Ellis L. Knox
   C.  Greek unity under Athens
        i.  the Delian League and Pericles
   D.  The Peloponessian War
        i. The Delian League   formed as
           defense against Persia
        ii. member states paid dues used for
            fleet
        iii. the conflict between imperial aims
             and democracy
        iv. Athens forced members to remain
        v.  Sparta and allies saw Athens as
             tyrannical
         The Athenian Empire
        vi. The Peloponnesian War
             recorded by Thucydides
            (The Father of Scientific History)
    E. The Defeat of Athens and the end
          of the Golden Age of Greek
          Antiquity
    i. Spartan army vs. Athenian navy
       ii. plague
       iii. attack on Syracuse
       iv. Athens defeated in 404 B.C.

          MythNET

       Ancient Greek Civilizations     

          Minoans Myceneans and The Greek Dark Ages

          Herodotus Web Site
            Cyrus, Cambyses, Darius
            The Sources of Athenian History             Introduction to Sparta

         Solon  

         The Birth of Philosophy

      Exploring Ancient World Cultures

      The Prehistoric Archaeology of the Aegean

      From the Stone Age to Our Age

          A Guided Web Tour of Homer's Greece: Links

      Hyper History Online