Study Guide 1

Practice Quizzes  
http://college.hmco.com/history/west/perry/western_civilization/7e/students/ matching /ch01_e.html    
http://college.hmco.com/history/west/perry/western_civilization/7e/students/ matching /ch01_b.html

http://college.hmco.com/history/west/perry/western_civilization/7e/students/ matching /ch02_a.html

Practice Questions

1. As early as 200,000 years ago, modern human beings _________ appeared
 Homo sapiens
 Homo habilis
 Neanderthals
 Homo erectus

2. What we call the Neolithic Revolution began sometime after 10,000 B.C. in
 northern Africa
 western Asia
 northern India
 southern Africa

3. The domestication of plants and animals around 6,000 B.C. resulted in
 the formation of small agricultural villages
 a decrease in craft specialization
 an end to hunting
 the first walled cities

4. Scholars believe that writing developed because
 they found a usefor papyrus
 people knew that writing would be necessary to be understood by later generations
 their language had become more complex
 as the economy became more complex people needed to keep records

5. The most successful Sumerian king, judging by his attempts to conquer all of Sumeria was
 Hammurabi
 arduk
 Sargon
 Gilgamesh

6. For historians, the existence of walls around Neolithic towns indicates all of the following except
 towns needed protection
 towns were trying to limit growth
 towns were growing in population and wealth
 towns were organizing socially and politically

7. Sumerian society was dominated by
 the priesthood
 the priesthood and the army
 the nobility
 the priesthood and the nobility

8. Perhaps the most important factor in the unification of Egypt was
 powerful kings
 economic prosperity
 religious similarities in the north and south
 geography

9. Which statement best describes Paleolithic society?
 Families and tribes fought regularly.
 Tribal leaders were more important than the group.
 Cooperation was necessary for survival.
 Hunting was the only way to obtain food.

10. The increase in population in the Neolithic Period came primarily from
 people married younger
 a reduction of disease
 a decrease in tribal conflict
 a surplus of food

11. The chief purpose of Hammurabi's code was to
 instill moral values
 increase the power of the king
 punish criminals
 act as a deterrent

12. The main factor which influenced the development of Sumerian society was :
 religious beliefs
 natural resourcesT
 climate
 geography

13. The pharaoh Akhenaton promoted
 a return to the traditional worship of Amon Ra
 the worship of Isis and Osiris
 the worship of Aton
 the expansion of Egypt's borders

14. Ancient Mesopotamian religion was characterized by
 the deification of natural elements
 one god who ruled over lesser gods
 the deification of the king
 benevolent deities

15. Egyptian religion was characterized by
 confidence in the gods' protection
 the fear of evil
 fear of the anger of the gods
 the fear of death

16. The Tigris and Euphrates were important because
 they were shallow and easy to cross
 they made the unification of Mesopotamia possible
 they made irrigation possible
 the kept invaders out

17. Moses covenant with Yahweh was the beginning of
 the enslavement of the Hebrews by the Egyptians
 the development of a legal code
 true monotheism
 the development of a code of morality

18. The Covenant of the Jews with God :
 was broken by Moses
 began with Abraham
 promised the Jews the conquest of the Middle East
 was foretold by Moses

19. Which of the following is outside of the Fertile Crescent?
 Tyre
 Babylon
 emphis
 Ur

20. The Rosetta Stone was most useful for
 identifying the gods of the Sumerians
 deciphering hieroglyphics
 deciphering cuneiform
 identifying the gods of the Egyptians

21. Chaldean ruler who made Babylon the most impressive city of its day, with the Hanging Gardens
 Soloman
 Hammurabi
 Sargon
 Nebuchadnezzar

22. Leader who united Upper and Lower Egypt
 Akhenaton
 Narmer
 Thutmose III
 Hatshepsut

23. People responsible for developing the alphabet
 Sumerians
 Babylonians
 Hebrews
 Phoenicians

24. The 10th century Hebrew leader responsible for building the temple to house the Ark of the Covenant
 Solomon
 Saul
 oses
 David

25. Sumerian writing gets its name from
 the clay tablets used to write on
 the priests who used it
 the shape of the symbols used
 the stylus used by scribes


Glossary  Chapter 1 - 2

A, B, C, D
Akhenaten (alternatively Akhnaten, Akhenaton, Akhnaton, Ikhnaton, and so on), also known as Amenhotep IV at the start of his reign.  Amenhotep IV started his famous worship of Aten. Amenhotep IV officially changed his name to Akhenaten as evidence of his new worship.

Amarna . . The name given to the historical time period under the rule of Amenhotep IV /Akhenaten. During this time period there were unprecedented changes in the government, art and religion.

Aten / Aton. . The god that gained its prominence during the reign of Akhenaten, who abolished the traditional cults of Egypt and replaced them with the Aten. This created the first monotheistic cult in the world.

Babylonian Captivity a period of time in 587 B.C. when the survivors of a Babylonian attack on the southern kingdom of Judah were sent into exile in Babylonia.

Book of the Dead an Egyptian book that preserved their ideas about death and the afterlife - it explains that after death the soul left the body to become part of the divine.

Bronze Age the period in which the production and use of bronze implements became basic to society; bronze made farming more efficient and revolutionized warfare.

Covenant a formal agreement between Yahweh and the Hebrew people - if the Hebrews worshiped Yahweh as their only god, he would consider them his chosen people and protect them from their enemies.

cuneiform Sumerian form of writing, used to describe the strokes of the stylus. The earliest known form of writing, invented by the Sumerians around 3000 B.C., from two Latin words, cuneus ("wedge") and forma ("shape"). The wedge-shaped symbols were drawn or impressed on soft clay tablets.

King David  (c.1004-965 BCE) - established Israel as a major power in the region, united twelve Israeli tribes in one kingdom and founded his capital in Jerusalem.

Djoser the Golden (Zoser)  is usually considered the first pharaoh of the Third Dynasty / Commissioned the Step Pyramid designed by Imhotep.

H
Hatshepsut (c. 1504 BC-1458 BC; sometimes spelled Hapshepsut, Hatchepsut or Hat-shep-set) was the fifth Pharaoh of the Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt. She ruled from 1473 BC to 1458 BC and is regarded as the first female monarch in recorded history. She was the daughter of Thutmose I and Queen Ahmose.

Hieratic A cursive form of ancient Egyptian writing which lost the pictorial aspect of hieroglyphs.

hieroglyphics From the Greek word meaning "sacred carving". a highly pictorial system of writing used in ancient Egypt. 

Homo erectus  Hominid species that appeared around a million years ago and is far closer to our own species. 

Homo neanderthalis  Another variant of Homo sapiens,the earliest found in Europe in the Neander Valley of the river Rhine. Neanderthal people flourished from about 40,000 to 80,000 years ago,were muscular and heavy, and had a thick skull and low forehead. 

Homo sapiens  Hominid species from which our own subspecies, Homo sapiens sapiens, developed.
 
Homo sapiens sapiens  Modern humans; sometimes called Cro-Magnon. 

Hyksos called "Rulers of the Uplands" by the Egyptians, these people began to settle in the Nile Delta shortly after 1800 B.C. /
a Semitic people, who invaded Egypt using bronze weapons, the chariot, and composite bow

I, J, K, L
Indo-European refers to a large family of languages that includes English, most of the languages of modern Europe, Greek, Latin, Persian, and Sanskrit, the sacred tongue of ancient India.

irrigation the solution to the problem of arid climates and scant water supplies, a system of watering land and draining to prevent build up of salt in the soil.

law code a proclamation issued by the Babylonian king Hammurabi "to establish law and justice in the language of the land, thereby prompting the welfare of the people." It inflicted harsh punishments, but despite its severity, pervade with a spirit of justice and sense of responsibility.

M, N, O
Mesopotamia  The land between the rivers Tigris and Euphrates, where urban life first developed; a flat region of the Middle East stretching from eastern Asia Minor to the Persian Gulf. 

monotheistic/monotheism the belief in one god; the doctrine or belief that there is only one god; when applied to Egypt it means that only Aton among the traditional Egyptian deities was god.
 
Narmer was an Egyptian pharoah who ruled in the 32nd century BC. Some Egyptologists hold that Menes and Narmer are in fact the same person; some hold that Menes inherited an already-unified Egypt from Narmer; others hold that Narmer began the process of unification but either did not succeed or succeeded only partially, leaving it to Menes to complete.

Neolithic (New Stone) period the period between 7000 and 4000 - 3000 B.C. that serves as the dividing line between anthropology and history. The term itself refers to the new stone tools that came into use at this time. Settled and stable human communities were cultivating crops and domesticating animals, but had not discovered metals and still used stone tools and weapons. 

nobles the top level of Sumerian society that consisted of the king and his family, the chief priests, and a high palace officials.

Nomarch. . The chief official of a nome. In the late Old Kingdom, and early Middle Kingdom nomarchs gained their office as hereditary rulers. They governed their nomes more or less independently of any central authority. During periods of highly centralized government, nomes ceased to have much political importance.

Osiris. . Supreme god and judge of the dead. The symbol of resurrection and eternal life. Provider of fertility and prosperity to the living.

P
Paleolithic (Old Stone) Age  Period some 10 thousand years ago, from the first use of stone implements around 2.5 million years ago to the introduction of farming around 8000 B.C. The latter stages are sometimes called the Mesolithic, or Middle, Stone Age. 

Pharaoh the leader of religious and political life in the Old Kingdom, he commanded the wealth, resources and people of Egypt.
polytheism the worship of several gods; this was the tradition of Egyptian religion.

pyramid the burial place of pharaohs, it was a massive tomb that contained all things needed for the afterlife. It also symbolized the king’s power and his connection with the sun-god.

Ramses II (also known as Ramses the Great and Ramesses II) was an Egyptian pharaoh (lived c. 1314 BC to 1224 BC), reigned 1290 BC - 1224 BC(66 years). He was identified with the Pharaoh of whom the biblical figure Moses is popularly believed to have demanded that his people be released from slavery.

S - T
satrap a governor who was directly responsible to the king and was usually taken from the Median and Persian nobility to govern the satrapy.     satrapy - province administered by a satrap. 

Sea Peoples invaders who destroyed the Egyptian empires in the late 13th century; they are otherwise unidentifiable because they went their own ways after their attacks on Egypt.

King Solomon  (c.965-930 BCE) son of King David; further strengthened the kingdom; built namy new towns; and erected the Temple of Jerusalem.

theocracy - government ruled by a priestly order.

Thutmose III (also written as Tuthmosis III) was a Pharaoh of Egypt in the Eighteenth Dynasty.  he shared the beginning of his reign with Hatshepsut / At some point, Hatshepsut disappears from the historical record and Thutmose III ruled by himself
He was an active expansionist ruler, sometimes referred to as the "Napoleon of Egypt", because he was recorded to have captured 350 cities during his rule, conquering much of the Near East.

Tutankhamon or Tutankhaten was Pharaoh of the Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt (1334 BC/1333 BC - 1323 BC), during the period known as the New Kingdom. His original name Tutankhaten means "Living Image of Aten" while Tutankhamon means "Living Image of Amon. / best known to as the only pharaoh to have his nearly intact tomb

U, V, W, X, Y, Z

Yahweh a god, who in Medieval Latin became "Jehovah", that appeared to Moses on Mount Sinai and made a covenant with the Hebrews.

ziggurat  a massive stepped tower upon which a temple dedicated to the chief god or goddess of a Sumerian city was built. 

    Pharaohs         Ancient Egypt

          Western Civilization 121 Practice Exam I   at Discovery.com
                          Ch. 1 & 2 Prehistory, Mesopotamia, & Egypt

                         Spielvogel Companion Site

Practice Tests
          Civilization in the West Online    

          A History of Western Society

          Western Civilization : Ideas, Politics, and Society

          Western Civilization : The Continuing Experiment

          The Western Heritage     Vol. 1

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           Sample Questions Ch. 1 - 2

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