Outline
Ch 2
Colonial
Competition and Cultural Struggle
I. Characteristics
of Initial European Encounters
with the New World
A.
Praised natural bounty of the land; downplayed presence of
native inhabitants.
B.
Each nation took particular approach toward
Native Americans.
1. Spanish attempted to remake native
inhabitants in their own image.
2. French dealt with Native Americans as
allies and trading partners.
3. English and Dutch sought to take native
land through force.
C.
European presence altered traditional
practices and ways of life.
D. Clash of Europeans inevitable
II. French
North America
A. French colonies different from English
and Spanish settlements.
1. Canada lightly populated because French
were reluctant to leave home.
2. Emphasized economic and cultural
reciprocity, not conflict, with natives.
B. Fur trading major French activity in
New World.
1. Allied with Hurons against Mohawk,
Iroquois.
2. Influence extended to Great Lakes and
Ohio River valley in 17th century.
coureurs de bois
III. English
Colonies on the Chesapeake
A. English colonization motivated by many
factors.
1. Challenge to Spain's Catholic empire.
2. Trade opportunities
B. Virginia Company settlement at Jamestown
founded Virginia colony in 1607.
1. Tense relations between colonists and
Powhatans almost from beginning.
John Smith
2. Colonists decimated during starving time
of winter of 1609-10.
3. Tobacco introduced as colony's first cash
crop in 1613.
4. First colonial legislature, the House of
Burgesses, established in 1619.
C. Maryland established as proprietary colony
in 1632.
1. Toleration Act of 1649 protected all
Christian religious practices.
D. Chesapeake society developed in common
ways.
1. Settlements developed along rivers and
based on commercial agriculture.
2. Immigrants were largely propertyless
young adults.
3. Indentured servitude was common means
for securing passage to the colonies.
IV. Puritanism
in New England
A. Origins of Puritanism in late 16th century.
1. Protest against influence of Catholicism in
the Church of England.
2. Predestination, salvation determined
solely by God.
B. Separatists (Pilgrims) landed at Plymouth,
Massachusetts, in 1620.
Mayflower Compact
1. Saw Church of England as corrupt.
2. Had lived in the Netherlands since 1607.
3. Purchased land from Virginia Company.
C. Puritan migration to the New World began
in 1630.
1. Covenant Theology
2. General Court and British political tradition
3. Religion and government officially
separate, but religion was dominant.
4. Population pressures eventually led to
expansion into Connecticut.
a. Destroyed Pequot village; enslaved
survivors.
b. Sold Pequots in West Indies for Africans,
who arrived in 1638.
D. Puritans left England to gain religious
freedom, but refused freedom to others.
1. Roger Williams founded Rhode Island
in 1635.
a. Expelled from Massachusetts for
advocating separation of church and state.
b. Purchased land from Narragansetts.
c. Became haven fornon-conformists.
2. Anne Hutchinson challenged Puritan
orthodoxy.
a. Held religious meetings in her home
and included women.
b. Claimed God had spoken to her directly.
c. Fled to Rhode Island after being banished
from Massachusetts in 1638.
VI. The
Restoration Touches America
A. Domestic events in England had
consequences for the New World.
1. English Civil War resulted in execution of
Charles I in 1649.
2. Protectorate period under Oliver Cromwell,
1649-1660.
3. Charles II and the "Restoration."
B. Restoration colonies established as gifts
to the king's supporters.
1. Carolina established in 1663.
a. Northern portion became North Carolina
in 1712.
2. New York established in 1664.
a. Seized New Netherlands.
b. Primarily engaged in trade of beaver furs; later exported wheat and
corn.
3. Pennsylvania established in 1681.
a. Quakers welcomed settlers of all faiths.
b. First Frame of Government in 1682
guaranteed religious freedom.
c. Purchased land from the Delawares
rather than taking it.
C. Mercantilism allowed England to control
colonial trade.
1. Colonies could improve a country's
economic position.
a. Sources of raw materials.
b. Markets for finished products.
2. Navigation Acts exerted Parliament's
control over colonial trade.
D. Increasing English political control over
colonies.
1. Massachusetts's charter revoked in 1684
for violations of Navigation Acts.
2. New England and New York later merged
into Dominion of New England.
E. Glorious Revolution allowed for renewed colonial self-government.
Indian
Culture Areas
VII. Clash
of Cultures Obvious in Competition for Fur Trade.
A. French, allied with Hurons and Algonquins, had been dominant.
New France
B. Iroquois took charge in 1650, favoring English and Dutch. Colonies
1655
C. King Philip's War erupted in 1675.
1. Algonquian-speaking groups fought New Englanders for land control.
2. At first, New Englanders on retreat.
3. When Iroquois refused to join rebellion, colonists secured victory
in 1676.
4. Iroquois then joined English in forcing harsh peace terms on Algonquians.
D. Covenant Chain in 1677 solidified English and Iroquois alliance.
E. French reestablished ties with remaining Algonquians.
F. French construction at Detroit led to Iroquois peace treaty with
New France in 1701.
http://www.paris.cc.tx.us/socscience/ljohnson/page61.html
1. When and how did Jamestown get started?
A. 1607 Virginia
B. Founded by joint-stock company for profit
2. What were the motives for founding Jamestown?
A. Trade
B. Gold
3. What hardships did Jamestown endure?
A. Location unhealthy
B. Starving Time
4. What development made Jamestown prosper?
A. John Rolfe
B. Tobacco
5. What was the life expectancy in the colony?
A. 48 years ave.
B. 50% of children died
6. What were families like?
A. 7 yrs. ave. marriage
B. Many blended families
C. Tavern center of community life
7. How did indentured servants and slaves differ?
A. Term of service
B. Race
8. What was the House of Burgesses?
A. First representative assembly in English colonies.
B. Establishes tradition of self-government
9. Who were the Pilgrims and Puritans, and what did they want?
A. Religious splinter groups found N.E. colonies
B. Pilgrims -- Plymouth 1620 -- (Separatists) small
numbers
later absorbed into Mass.
known for Thanksgiving and
Mayflower Compact
C. Puritans -- Mass. Bay 1630 -- goal to purify
the Anglican
Church and create utopia
1. Religious views demanded
uniformity
2. Growth brought dissent
a. Anne Hutchinson
b. Roger Williams -- founded Rhode Island
10. What were the Middle Colonies?
A. New York -- former Dutch colony 1664
B. Pennsylvania -- Quaker colony est.
1681 -- tolerant
and prosperous
colony
11. What were the thirteen original colonies?
A. Term misleading since it does not include
Caribbean colonies
(see text chart
for listing of all colonies)
B. Georgia last mainland colony est. 1732
by James Oglethorpe
as refuge for debtors
Discussion Questions
From reading in chapter 2, you should be able to answer the following
questions.
1. When and how did Jamestown get started?
2. What were the motives for founding Jamestown?
3. What hardships did Jamestown endure?
4. What development made Jamestown prosper?
5. What was the life expectancy in the colony?
6. What were families like?
7. How did indentured servants and slaves differ?
8. What was the House of Burgesses?
9. Who were the Pilgrims and Puritans, and what did they want?
10. What are the Middle Colonies?
11. What were the thirteen original colonies?