Outline: The Norman Conquest
and the Growth of England
I. The English
Monarchy:
A. After the Romans left, Angles and
Saxons
invaded
i.
England divided into small kingdoms
ii.
Alfred the Great
-- defeated Danes --
began
unification
iii. Edward the Confessor -- died without
heir
iv. Harold Godwinson & William of
Normandy
both claimed
throne
B. The Normans
i. Duke William the Conqueror
ii. The Norman Invasion:
The Battle of Hastings
(1066)
The Bayeux Tapestry
iii. The Domesday Book
iv. introduced the feudal system
--
gave land to
vassals as fiefs --
demanded
loyalty
C. Feudalism
i. developed to provide
safety
ii. decentralized power
structure
iii. evolved out of Roman
patronage,
German
comitatus
iv. fief / beneficium given in return for
service
-- Canute the Great,
Granting of Fiefs
D. Feudal Hierarchy
i. originally
kings controlled all land --
gave land to vassals:
counts,
dukes,
margraves
ii. nobles gave land to
knights: Vassals
iii. vassal
swore loyalty to lord
Feudal Oaths
-- Fief Ceremonies
E.
Feudal Contract
i. lord provided land,
protection
ii. vassal provided
services
military
service
castle
guard
hospitality
ransom
F. Henry II (1154-1189)
i. extended power into France
--
marriage to
Eleanor of Aquitaine
The Angevin Empire
English territories in
France
ii. his treatment of the
Church:
a. the Assizes of
Clarendon
extended common law
established jury system
b. Thomas Becket :
challenged Henry over
church courts
Becket murdered
G. Richard I (1189-1199)
i. spent most of his reign outside England
ii. Prince
John unpopular
H. King John (1199-1216)
i. nobles
forced John to sign the Magna Carta
at the British Library
click Digital Library link, and
then
Magna
Carta.
ii. King must obey the
law
iii. lost territories on the continent to
Philip II
of
France
I. Origins of parliament
i. Great Council expanded after 1295
ii. divided
into two houses in 1300s -- House
of Commons gained
control of finances
J. Expansion
i. Edward I
invaded Wales
ii. Edward I defeated at Bannockburn
--
Scotland
K. Growth of the French Kingdom
i. Philip
II Augustus (1180-1223)
used baillis and
seneschals to help enforce
the
laws
ii.
Philip IV the Fair and the Estates
General
The Reconquest
Christian kingdoms established
drove Moslems out of Granada in 1492
M. The Holy Roman Empire
i. Frederick I Barbarossa (1152-1190)
N. Russia
i. The Mongol Invasion
ii. Ghengis Khan
Temujin Proclaimed Jenghiz Khan
Kublai Khan Rules China
The Mongols and the Emergence of Moscow
II. Recovery and Reform of the Catholic Church
A. Problem of Decline
B. Cluniac Reform Movement
i. Duke William's Abbey at Cluny
ii. Spread of the Cluniac Spirit
C. Reform of the Papacy: Gregory VII and the Investiture Controversy
i. Pope as Christ's Vicar on Earth
ii. Conflicts with Henry IV
iii. Excommunication
iv. Confrontation at Canossa
v. Concordat of Worms
III. Christianity and Medieval Civilization
A. Growth of the Papal Monarchy
i. Centralization of Administration
ii. Innocent III and the Two Great Lights
B. New Religious Orders and Spiritual Ideals
i. Cistercians
ii. Bernard of Clairvaux
iii. Women's Orders: Hildegard of Bingen
C. Living the Gospel Life
i. Francis of Assisi and Poverty
ii. Dominic and the Preachers
D. Popular Religion in the High Middle Ages
i. Sacraments
ii. Saints
iii. The Virgin
iv. Relics
v. Indulgences
vi. Pilgrimages
E. Voices of Protest and Intolerance
i. Catharism: The Albigensians
ii. Crusades Against Heretics
iii. The "Holy Office" of Inquisition
iv. Persecution of the Jews
v. Intolerance and Homosexuality
IV. The Crusades
A. Background to the Crusades
i. Islam and the Seljuk Turks
ii. Byzantine Empire
iii. Schism between the Catholic and Orthodox Churches
B. Early Crusades
i. Urban II at Clermont
ii. First Crusade
iii. Capture of Jerusalem
iv. Crusader States of Palestine
C. Bernard of Clairvaus and the Second Crusade
D. Third Crusade
i. Saladin's Successes
ii. "Crusade of Kings"
E. Crusades of the Thirteenth Century
i. Sack of Constantinople
ii. "Children's Crusade"
F. Effects of the Crusades
i. Economic Growth
ii. Attacks on Muslims and Jews
The Crusades
The Crusades / The First Crusade Dr. Skip Knox
The Islamic Empire
The Byzantine Empire
Byzantine army defeated at Manzikert (1071)
Emperor Alexius asked Pope Urban I
for assistance
At Clermont Urban II Calls for 1st Crusade
Pope Urban II called on Christian knights
to liberate Jerusalem
Urban II and His Contribution
Peter the Hermit and the Peasant's Crusade
The People's Crusade
The Early Crusades
First Crusade took Antioch (1098)
captured Jerusalem (1099)
The Siege of Jerusalem
The Second Crusade
The Third Crusade
Richard the Lionheart
Saladin
The Capture of Jerusalem (1187)
Crusader Letters
Crusades of the 13th Century
Effects of the Crusades Results of the Crusades
Crusades: A Guide to Online Resources
Medieval Society Dr. E. L. Skip Knox
Mongol history and chronology from ancient times
Secrets of the Norman Invasion
<> Hyper History Online