History Page
I. The English Monarchy:
A. After the Romans
left,
Angles and Saxons
invaded
i.
England divided into small kingdoms
ii.
Alfred the Great
-- defeated Danes --
began unification
iii.
Edward the Confessor -- died without heir
iv.
Harold Godwinson & William of Normandy
both claimed throne
B. The Normans
i.
Duke William the
Conqueror
ii.
The Norman Invasion:
The Battle
of Hastings
(1066)
The Bayeux Tapestry
Secrets of the
Norman Invasion
iii.
The Domesday Book
iv. introduced
the feudal system --
gave land to vassals as fiefs --
demanded loyalty
C. Feudalism
i.
developed to provide safety
ii.
decentralized power structure
iii.
evolved out of Roman patronage,
German comitatus
iv.
fief / beneficium given in return for service
--
Canute the Great, Granting of Fiefs
D. Feudal Hierarchy
i. originally kings controlled all land --
gave land to vassals: counts,
dukes, margraves
ii. nobles gave land to knights: Vassals
iii. vassal swore loyalty to lord
Feudal
Oaths
--
Fief Ceremonies
E. Feudal Contract
i. lord provided land, protection
ii. vassal provided services
military service
castle guard
hospitality
ransom
F. Henry II and conquest:
Henry II
(1154-1189)
i. extended power into France --
marriage to
Eleanor of Aquitaine
The Angevin
Empire
English territories in
France
ii. his treatment of the Church:
a. the Assizes of Clarendon
extended common law
established jury system
b. Thomas
Becket
: challenged Henry over
church courts
Becket murdered
G.
Richard I
(1189-1199)
i. spent most of his reign outside England
ii. Prince John unpopular
H. King
John
(1199-1216)
i. nobles forced John to sign the
Magna Carta
at the British Library
click Digital Library link, and then
Magna Carta.
ii. King must obey the law
iii. lost territories on the continent to Philip II
of France
I. Origins
of parliament
i. Great Council expanded after 1295
ii. divided into two houses in 1300s -- House
of Commons gained control of finances
J. Expansion
i. Edward I invaded Wales
ii. Edward I defeated at Bannockburn --
Scotland
K. Growth of the French
Kingdom
i. Philip II
Augustus
(1180-1223)
used baillis and seneschals to help enforce
the laws
ii. Philip IV the Fair and the Estates General
L. The Reconquista
The Reconquest
Christian kingdoms established
drove Moslems out of Granada in 1492
The Spain of Ferdinand and Isabella
M. The Holy Roman Empire
i. Frederick
I
Barbarossa (1152-1190)
N. Russia
i. The Mongol Invasion
ii. Ghengis Khan
Temujin Proclaimed Jenghiz Khan
The Mongol military
might
Kublai Khan
Kublai Khan Rules China
The
Mongol Empire
Marco Polo Travels to China
(1275-1292)
The Mongols and
the Emergence of Moscow
Mongol history and chronology from ancient times
II. Recovery and Reform of the Catholic
Church
A. Problem of Decline
B. Cluniac Reform Movement
i. Duke William’s Abbey at Cluny
ii. Spread of the Cluniac Spirit
C. Reform of the Papacy: Gregory VII and the Investiture Controversy
i. Pope as Christ’s Vicar on Earth
ii. Conflicts with Henry IV
iii. Excommunication
iv. Confrontation at Canossa
v. Concordat of Worms
III. Christianity and Medieval Civilization
A. Growth of the Papal Monarchy
i. Centralization of Administration
ii. Innocent III and the Two Great Lights
B. New Religious Orders and Spiritual Ideals
i. Cistercians
ii. Bernard of Clairvaux
iii. Women’s Orders: Hildegard of Bingen
C. Living the Gospel Life
i. Francis of Assisi and Poverty
ii. Dominic and the Preachers
D. Popular Religion in the High Middle Ages
i. Sacraments
ii. Saints
iii. The Virgin
iv. Relics
v. Indulgences
vi. Pilgrimages
E. Voices of Protest and Intolerance
i. Catharism: The Albigensians
ii. Crusades Against Heretics
iii. The "Holy Office" of Inquisition
iv. Persecution of the Jews
v. Intolerance and Homosexuality
IV. The Crusades
A. Background to the Crusades
i. Islam and the Seljuk Turks
ii. Byzantine Empire
iii. Schism between the Catholic and Orthodox Churches
B. Early Crusades
i. Urban II at Clermont
ii. First Crusade
iii. Capture of Jerusalem
iv. Crusader States of Palestine
C. Bernard of Clairvaus and the Second Crusade
D. Third Crusade
i. Saladin’s Successes
ii. "Crusade of Kings"
E. Crusades of the Thirteenth Century
i. Sack of Constantinople
ii. "Children’s Crusade"
F. Effects of the Crusades
i. Economic Growth
ii. Attacks on Muslims and Jews
The Crusades
The Crusades
Dr. Skip Knox
The Islamic
Empire
The Byzantine
Empire
Byzantine
army defeated at Manzikert (1071)
Emperor
Alexius asked Pope Urban I
for assistance
At Clermont
Urban II Calls for 1st Crusade
Pope Urban II
called on Christian knights
to liberate
Jerusalem
Speech at the Council of Clermont
Urban II and His Contribution
Peter the Hermit and the Peasant's Crusade
The People's Crusade
The Early
Crusades
First Crusade
took Antioch (1098)
captured
Jerusalem (1099)
The Siege of Jerusalem
Conquest of Jerusalem 1099
:
Account of Raymond d'Aguiliers
The Second Crusade
The Third Crusade
Richard the Lionheart
Saladin
The Capture of Jerusalem
(1187)
Crusader Letters
Crusades
of the 13th Century
Effects
of the Crusades
History of the Crusades
Dr. E. L. Skip Knox
Results of the Crusades
Legacy of the Crusades
Crusades: A Guide to Online Resources
